Changing .vscode settings.json locally when it's checked into Git
Since I often have multiple Visual Studio Code projects open at the same time, I need an easy way to distinguish between them. Luckily there's Peacock by John Papa, which lets you change the window frame color for different workspaces by setting a key in the .vscode/settings.json. Perfect!
However, in my current project the settings.json is checked into Git, to share some common settings. Whether or not that's a good idea is debatable, but unfortunately I couldn't just change that without impacting all other developers on the projects.
Luckily there's a simple solution: VS Code has the concept of workspaces, which do not necessarily have to be folders. By clicking File > Add Folder to Workspace you can save a separate .code-workspace file. This is just a JSON file with, amongst others, the local settings. So I created a workspace with just this project, and then could change my window colors with Peacock at will. Problem solved!
TL;DR Create a multi-root workspace in VS Code to work around the local .vscode folder.